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Doku Khamatovich Umarov ((チェチェン語:Ӏумар КӀант Доккa, Jumar Khant Dokka); (ロシア語:Доку Хаматович Умаров); also known as Dokka Umarov as well as by his Arabized name of Dokka Abu Usman; 13 April 1964 – 7 September 2013) was a Chechen Islamist militant in Russia. Umarov was a major military figure in both recent wars in Chechnya during the 1990s and 2000s, before becoming the leader of the greater insurgency in the North Caucasus. He was active mostly in south-western Chechnya, near and across the borders with Ingushetia and Georgia. During the late 1990s, after Chechnya's first war against Russia, Movladi Udugov's status as war hero enabled him to take the post of the breakaway Republic's Security Minister. Between 2006 and 2007, following the death of his predecessor Sheikh Abdul Halim, Umarov became the underground President of Ichkeria of the unrecognized government of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, the post that Umarov eventually abolished himself when he renounced and abandoned Chechen nationalism in favour of regional pan-Islamism and jihadist ideology. The political mantle of Chechen nationalist separatism was formally taken over by the self-exiled Akhmed Zakayev, Umarov's former wartime comrade and friend turned political rival. Having quit the position of Chechen separatist leader, Umarov subsequently became the self-proclaimed Emir of the entire North Caucasus region of Russia, declaring it a putative Islamic state of the Caucasus Emirate. In 2010, Umarov abortively resigned position and appointed Aslambek Vadalov as the new Emir of the Caucasus Emirate, but soon afterwards issued a statement annulling the previous declaration and stating he would remain in his position〔("Chechen rebel chief denies quitting" ). ''Al Jazeera'', August 2010; accessed 21 March 2014.〕 and rebel Sharia court ruled in favour of Umarov over the rift, following which most other Russian rebel leaders re-swore allegiance to him. For years, Umarov had been the top terrorist leader in Russia, and taken responsibility for several attacks on civilian targets since 2009, including the 2010 Moscow Metro bombings and the 2011 Domodedovo International Airport bombing.〔(Chechen terrorist says he ordered Moscow Metro attacks ), BBC; retrieved 31 March 2010; accessed 19 March 2014.〕 In 2012, Umarov ordered his followers to halt attacks on the civilian population of Russia, while leaving military and security personnel as legitimate targets.〔(Caucasus Insurgency Head Backs Halt Of Terror Attacks On Russian Civilians ). RFE/RL. 3 February 2012.〕 In July 2013, however, he announced the end of this moratorium and calling on Islamic insurgents in the Caucasus and beyond to forcibly prevent the holding of the Sochi 2014 Olympics.〔(Caucasus Emirate Leader Calls On Insurgents To Thwart Sochi Winter Olympics ), RFE/RL; retrieved 16 February 2014.〕 Umarov was internationally wanted by the government of Russia and United States. In 2011, the United Nations Security Council's Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee added Umarov to the list of individuals allegedly associated with al-Qaeda and Taliban.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999) concerning Al-Qaeda and the Taliban and Associated Individuals and Entities )〕 On 18 March 2014, Umarov's death was reported by the Caucasus Emirate-associated Islamist website Kavkaz Center, which offered no details but did say his death was confirmed by the Command of the Caucasus Emirate.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Islamic Caucasus Emirate confirms death of emir Doku Umarov )〕〔 He was announced to be replaced by the Caucasus Emirate's senior Sharia judge Ali Abu Mukhammad, who then officially confirmed the death of Umarov in a video posted on YouTube. Previously, Umarov had been reported killed or captured by Russian forces on numerous occasions, but all these reports later turned out to be incorrect. According to a report posted on Kavkaz Center, Umarov was poisoned on 6 August 2013 and died at dawn on 7 September 2013.〔 ==Early life== Doku Umarov was born in April 1964 in the small village of Kharsenoi (Kharsenoy) in the southern Shatoysky District region of the Chechen–Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, into what he described as an intelligentsia family〔 belonging the Malkoy ''teip'' (the same clan as the notorious warlord Arbi Barayev and Chechnya's former foreign minister Ilyas Akhmadov). According to some sources, Umarov might have been convicted during his teenage years between 1980 and 1982 for either hooliganism, negligent homicide, or manslaughter.〔 Umarov studied at the Oil Institute in Grozny, graduating with a degree in construction engineering.〔 He later left the republic for the other parts of the Soviet Union and was reportedly working in the construction〔 in Moscow〔 when the First Chechen War began in December 1994. There were also reports that he was engaged in "semi-criminal activities" in Tyumen Oblast.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dokka Umarov」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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